{"id":9029,"date":"2022-06-18T15:57:42","date_gmt":"2022-06-18T15:57:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/researchwithfawad.com\/?page_id=9029"},"modified":"2023-11-23T02:06:59","modified_gmt":"2023-11-23T02:06:59","slug":"how-to-enter-data-in-spss-or-excel","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/researchwithfawad.com\/index.php\/lp-courses\/smartpls4-tutorial-series\/how-to-enter-data-in-spss-or-excel\/","title":{"rendered":"How to Enter Data in SPSS or Excel"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"9029\" class=\"elementor elementor-9029\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4qr7js3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4qr7js3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d4acc06\" data-id=\"d4acc06\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bee4950 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bee4950\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">How to Enter Data in SPSS Or Excel<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db7027d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"db7027d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>This session discusses in detail how to add survey data in SPSS and Microsoft Excel.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7asvbgx elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7asvbgx\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;gradient&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2b10226\" data-id=\"2b10226\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fc6092a elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"fc6092a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\" src=\"https:\/\/researchwithfawad.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/How-to-Enter-Survey-Data-in-SPSS-and-Excel.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-9031\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/researchwithfawad.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/How-to-Enter-Survey-Data-in-SPSS-and-Excel.png 1280w, https:\/\/researchwithfawad.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/How-to-Enter-Survey-Data-in-SPSS-and-Excel-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/researchwithfawad.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/How-to-Enter-Survey-Data-in-SPSS-and-Excel-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/researchwithfawad.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/How-to-Enter-Survey-Data-in-SPSS-and-Excel-768x432.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1e8e919\" data-id=\"1e8e919\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-755d715 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"755d715\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">#SmartPLS4 Series<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-da54622 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"da54622\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3Cpolygon points=&#039;9.4,2 24,2 14.6,21.6 0,21.6&#039;\/%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cf39eb3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cf39eb3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>After the introduction to the SmartPLS4 series. This session is focused on learning how to enter data in SPSS and Excel<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2meu3lh elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2meu3lh\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-885cb99\" data-id=\"885cb99\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-50ddc50 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"50ddc50\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Data Entry after Data Collection<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-105f188\" data-id=\"105f188\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4918b41 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4918b41\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Once the data is collected, the next step is to enter data in an appropriate software. The data is later utilized for data analysis and drawing conclusions. The session is focused on learning how to enter data in IBM SPSS or Microsoft Excel. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bd0b5a2 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bd0b5a2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0655849\" data-id=\"0655849\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3d25310 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3d25310\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><h3 style=\"font-size: 2.46667rem;font-style: normal;text-align: justify\">Entering Data in SPSS and Excel: A Step-by-Step Tutorial<\/h3><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-654680b\" data-id=\"654680b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dbbdf10 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dbbdf10\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In the preceding session, the Smart PLS4 series was introduced, and now the focus is on working with a specific model. Assuming that data has been successfully collected, the next step involves entering this data into either SPSS or Excel. For instance, let&#8217;s consider a questionnaire with constructs representing organizational learning and items measuring these constructs.<\/p><h4>Coding Items in SPSS:<\/h4><p>The initial step is to code the items systematically. For example, items measuring organizational learning could be coded as &#8220;ol1,&#8221; &#8220;ol2,&#8221; and so on. In SPSS, navigate to the Variable View, where you can name and define all variables. Additionally, it is advisable, given SPSS&#8217;s statistical nature, to represent variables in numeric terms. Assign numeric values to the scale options, such as 1 for strongly disagree, 2 for disagree, and so forth.<\/p><h4>Defining Variables in SPSS:<\/h4><p>In SPSS, define each variable by specifying its type (nominal, ordinal, or scale). It&#8217;s recommended to combine interval and ratio variables into the &#8220;scale&#8221; category. Also, consider demographic variables like gender and age, assigning numeric values for representation.<\/p><h4>Entering Data:<\/h4><p>Once variables are defined, enter the data systematically, referring to numbered questionnaires.\u00a0<\/p><h4>Error Checking:<\/h4><p>After entering data, perform a thorough check for errors. While specific error-checking procedures are not outlined in this tutorial, <a href=\"https:\/\/researchwithfawad.com\/index.php\/lp-courses\/data-analysis-using-spss\/data-screening-and-handling-missing-data-using-spss\/\">errors checking includes assessing missing values, respondents bias\/misconduct.<\/a> It is essential to validate data for accuracy. Checking for minimum and maximum values can be achieved using relevant formulas in Excel.<\/p><h3>Importing Data into Smart PLS4:<\/h3><p>Smart PLS4 conveniently accepts data files from SPSS, Excel, and CSV formats. After entering and checking data in SPSS or Excel, save the file in the desired format (e.g., CSV) and import it into Smart PLS4 for further analysis.<\/p><p>This tutorial provides a foundational understanding of how to enter data into SPSS and Excel, emphasizing systematic coding, variable definition, and error checking. Subsequent tutorials will delve into defining projects and importing data into Smart PLS4 for comprehensive analysis.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d0aef6f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d0aef6f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-654727f\" data-id=\"654727f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cf8524b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cf8524b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Video Tutorial<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1893e48\" data-id=\"1893e48\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-086d98a elementor-widget elementor-widget-video\" data-id=\"086d98a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;youtube_url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/youtu.be\\\/BfpD-bHrmS8&quot;,&quot;video_type&quot;:&quot;youtube&quot;,&quot;controls&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"video.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-wrapper elementor-open-inline\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-video\"><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7c02639d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7c02639d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-723cf89\" data-id=\"723cf89\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-257f81ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"257f81ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Additional SmartPLS4 Resources<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b482d8a\" data-id=\"b482d8a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7fa01855 elementor-widget elementor-widget-wp-widget-ccchildpages_widget\" data-id=\"7fa01855\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wp-widget-ccchildpages_widget.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li class=\"page_item page-item-9299 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/researchwithfawad.com\/index.php\/lp-courses\/smartpls4-tutorial-series\/a-basic-and-simple-model-in-smartpls4\/\" class=\"menu-link\">A Basic and Simple Model in SmartPLS4<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-9370 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/researchwithfawad.com\/index.php\/lp-courses\/smartpls4-tutorial-series\/convergent-and-discriminant-validity\/\" class=\"menu-link\">Basic SEM Concepts &#8211; Convergent and Discriminant Validity<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-9337 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/researchwithfawad.com\/index.php\/lp-courses\/smartpls4-tutorial-series\/structural-equation-modelling-concepts\/\" class=\"menu-link\">Basic Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) Concepts<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-9543 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/researchwithfawad.com\/index.php\/lp-courses\/smartpls4-tutorial-series\/categorical-moderation-analysis-using-seminr\/\" class=\"menu-link\">Categorical Moderation Analysis using SEMinR<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-9403 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/researchwithfawad.com\/index.php\/lp-courses\/smartpls4-tutorial-series\/how-to-assess-construct-reliability\/\" class=\"menu-link\">How to Assess Construct Reliability?<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-9428 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/researchwithfawad.com\/index.php\/lp-courses\/smartpls4-tutorial-series\/how-to-assess-convergent-validity\/\" class=\"menu-link\">How to Assess Convergent Validity (Construct validity)<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-9448 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/researchwithfawad.com\/index.php\/lp-courses\/smartpls4-tutorial-series\/how-to-assess-discriminant-validity\/\" class=\"menu-link\">How to Assess Discriminant Validity (Construct validity)<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-9672 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/researchwithfawad.com\/index.php\/lp-courses\/smartpls4-tutorial-series\/reflective-reflective-higher-order-construct\/\" class=\"menu-link\">How to Assess Reflective-Reflective Higher Order Construct<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-9490 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/researchwithfawad.com\/index.php\/lp-courses\/smartpls4-tutorial-series\/how-to-design-a-measurement-model\/\" class=\"menu-link\">How to Design a Measurement Model?<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-9462 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/researchwithfawad.com\/index.php\/lp-courses\/smartpls4-tutorial-series\/how-to-solve-discriminant-validity-issues\/\" class=\"menu-link\">How to Solve Discriminant Validity Issues<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-12181 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/researchwithfawad.com\/index.php\/lp-courses\/smartpls4-tutorial-series\/how-to-use-necessary-condition-analysis-in-smartpls4\/\" class=\"menu-link\">How to Use Necessary Condition Analysis in SmartPLS4?<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-9634 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/researchwithfawad.com\/index.php\/lp-courses\/smartpls4-tutorial-series\/reflecrtive-formarive-model-using-smartpls4\/\" class=\"menu-link\">Reflective-Formative Higher-Order Model using SmartPLS4<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-9800 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/researchwithfawad.com\/index.php\/lp-courses\/smartpls4-tutorial-series\/simple-structural-model-in-smartpls4\/\" class=\"menu-link\">Simple Structural Model in SmartPLS4<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-8989 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/researchwithfawad.com\/index.php\/lp-courses\/smartpls4-tutorial-series\/smartpls4-tutorials-series-introduction\/\" class=\"menu-link\">SmartPLS4 Tutorials Series Introduction<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-8950 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/researchwithfawad.com\/index.php\/lp-courses\/smartpls4-tutorial-series\/steps-in-data-analsis\/\" class=\"menu-link\">Steps in Data Analysis<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-9597 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/researchwithfawad.com\/index.php\/lp-courses\/smartpls4-tutorial-series\/what-is-a-formative-construct\/\" class=\"menu-link\">What is a Formative Construct?<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>How to Enter Data in SPSS Or Excel This session discusses in detail how to add survey data in SPSS and Microsoft Excel. #SmartPLS4 Series After the introduction to the SmartPLS4 series. This session is focused on learning how to enter data in SPSS and Excel Data Entry after Data Collection Once the data is [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":8833,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"no-sidebar","site-content-layout":"page-builder","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"enabled","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-9029","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - 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