{"id":9337,"date":"2022-09-23T17:44:37","date_gmt":"2022-09-23T17:44:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/researchwithfawad.com\/?page_id=9337"},"modified":"2022-09-24T03:03:56","modified_gmt":"2022-09-24T03:03:56","slug":"structural-equation-modelling-concepts","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/researchwithfawad.com\/index.php\/lp-courses\/smartpls4-tutorial-series\/structural-equation-modelling-concepts\/","title":{"rendered":"Basic Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) Concepts"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"9337\" class=\"elementor elementor-9337\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-zdcnbl2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"zdcnbl2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d4acc06\" data-id=\"d4acc06\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bee4950 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bee4950\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Basic Concepts in SEM<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-85jp2mz elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"85jp2mz\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;gradient&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2b10226\" data-id=\"2b10226\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fc6092a elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"fc6092a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\" src=\"https:\/\/researchwithfawad.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Basic-Concepts-of-SEM.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-9340\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/researchwithfawad.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Basic-Concepts-of-SEM.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/researchwithfawad.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Basic-Concepts-of-SEM-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/researchwithfawad.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Basic-Concepts-of-SEM-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/researchwithfawad.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Basic-Concepts-of-SEM-768x432.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1e8e919\" data-id=\"1e8e919\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-755d715 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"755d715\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Basic SEM Concepts<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-da54622 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"da54622\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3Cpolygon points=&#039;9.4,2 24,2 14.6,21.6 0,21.6&#039;\/%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cf39eb3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cf39eb3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>For Complete Step by Step SmartPLS4 Tutorial Playlist, Click <a href=\"https:\/\/youtube.com\/playlist?list=PLb7vm6tsQ3Kv4YWhYNkP7DizqOjT7ubSX\">Here<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-i4g5bh7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"i4g5bh7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c927f23\" data-id=\"c927f23\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bf8264c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bf8264c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Basic Structural Equation Modelling Concepts<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-61ca281\" data-id=\"61ca281\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-338057a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"338057a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Understanding Basic Structural Equation Modelling Concepts is critical before scholars use SEM based software. <\/p><p>The video is dedicated to describing some critical terms in Structural Equation Modelling literature: Factor Loadings, Beta Coefficient, and Reliability.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1b5b6fa elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1b5b6fa\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7c2ec14\" data-id=\"7c2ec14\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7a5d417 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7a5d417\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">What is Indicator Loading\/Factor Loading?<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-488fd84\" data-id=\"488fd84\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10c97b2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"10c97b2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Indicator loadings Are the bivariate correlations between a construct and the indicators. They determine an item\u2019s absolute contribution to its assigned construct. Loadings are of primary interest in the evaluation of reflective measurement models but are also interpreted when formative measures are involved. They are also referred to as outer loadings. The recommended loading value is 0.70. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-cebf62c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"cebf62c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fc9f6b0\" data-id=\"fc9f6b0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-90dc776 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"90dc776\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">What is Indicator Reliability?<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1286340\" data-id=\"1286340\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-157e227 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"157e227\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Indicator reliability Is the square of a standardized indicator\u2019s indicator loading. It represents how much of the variation in an item is explained by the construct and is referred to as the variance extracted from the item. Indicator loadings above 0.708 are recommended, since they indicate that the construct explains more than 50 percent of the indicator\u2019s variance, thus providing acceptable indicator reliability. The calculation of indicator reliability can be performed by squaring the values in the indicator\/factor loading. The squared value &gt;= 0.50 indicates the indicator reliability is established. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bba0805 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bba0805\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c4fcaa6\" data-id=\"c4fcaa6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a076eb elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5a076eb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">What is Beta Coefficient\/Path Coefficient?<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d322dab\" data-id=\"d322dab\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9deb2c7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9deb2c7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Are estimated path relationships in the structural model (i.e., between constructs in the model). They correspond to standardized betas in a regression analysis.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bc41845 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bc41845\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e65c8ad\" data-id=\"e65c8ad\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3b272d4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3b272d4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">What is Beta Coefficient\/Path Coefficient?<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-efb5d42\" data-id=\"efb5d42\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c6a4bc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2c6a4bc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Is a form of reliability used to judge the consistency of results across items on the same test. It determines whether the items measuring a construct are similar in their scores (i.e., if the correlations between items are strong).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6107b3f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6107b3f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-aebb55f\" data-id=\"aebb55f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-54185a5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"54185a5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Reference<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a2417e7\" data-id=\"a2417e7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-206ba09 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"206ba09\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"gs_citr\" tabindex=\"0\">Hair Jr, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., Sarstedt, M., Danks, N. P., &amp; Ray, S. (2021). Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) using R: A workbook.<\/div><div tabindex=\"0\">\u00a0<\/div><div tabindex=\"0\">To Download the Book, Click <a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/book\/10.1007\/978-3-030-80519-7\">Here<\/a><\/div><div tabindex=\"0\">\u00a0<\/div><div tabindex=\"0\">This book is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International<br \/>License (<a href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/<\/a>)<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-db7340d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"db7340d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a6a379\" data-id=\"5a6a379\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-561756f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"561756f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Video<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e04f9b2\" data-id=\"e04f9b2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5557aa8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-video\" data-id=\"5557aa8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;youtube_url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/youtu.be\\\/kU1R_87WhxU&quot;,&quot;video_type&quot;:&quot;youtube&quot;,&quot;controls&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"video.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-wrapper elementor-open-inline\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-video\"><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1e2af390 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1e2af390\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3b89546\" data-id=\"3b89546\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e3db7ea elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3e3db7ea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Additional SmartPLS 4 Tutorials<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-16b92ecc\" data-id=\"16b92ecc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-30047c2a elementor-widget elementor-widget-wp-widget-ccchildpages_widget\" data-id=\"30047c2a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wp-widget-ccchildpages_widget.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li class=\"page_item page-item-9299 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/researchwithfawad.com\/index.php\/lp-courses\/smartpls4-tutorial-series\/a-basic-and-simple-model-in-smartpls4\/\" class=\"menu-link\">A Basic and Simple Model in SmartPLS4<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-9370 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/researchwithfawad.com\/index.php\/lp-courses\/smartpls4-tutorial-series\/convergent-and-discriminant-validity\/\" class=\"menu-link\">Basic SEM Concepts &#8211; Convergent and Discriminant Validity<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-9543 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/researchwithfawad.com\/index.php\/lp-courses\/smartpls4-tutorial-series\/categorical-moderation-analysis-using-seminr\/\" class=\"menu-link\">Categorical Moderation Analysis using SEMinR<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-9403 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/researchwithfawad.com\/index.php\/lp-courses\/smartpls4-tutorial-series\/how-to-assess-construct-reliability\/\" class=\"menu-link\">How to Assess Construct Reliability?<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-9428 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/researchwithfawad.com\/index.php\/lp-courses\/smartpls4-tutorial-series\/how-to-assess-convergent-validity\/\" class=\"menu-link\">How to Assess Convergent Validity (Construct validity)<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-9448 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/researchwithfawad.com\/index.php\/lp-courses\/smartpls4-tutorial-series\/how-to-assess-discriminant-validity\/\" class=\"menu-link\">How to Assess Discriminant Validity (Construct validity)<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-9672 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/researchwithfawad.com\/index.php\/lp-courses\/smartpls4-tutorial-series\/reflective-reflective-higher-order-construct\/\" class=\"menu-link\">How to Assess Reflective-Reflective Higher Order Construct<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-9490 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/researchwithfawad.com\/index.php\/lp-courses\/smartpls4-tutorial-series\/how-to-design-a-measurement-model\/\" class=\"menu-link\">How to Design a Measurement Model?<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-9029 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/researchwithfawad.com\/index.php\/lp-courses\/smartpls4-tutorial-series\/how-to-enter-data-in-spss-or-excel\/\" class=\"menu-link\">How to Enter Data in SPSS or Excel<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-9462 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/researchwithfawad.com\/index.php\/lp-courses\/smartpls4-tutorial-series\/how-to-solve-discriminant-validity-issues\/\" class=\"menu-link\">How to Solve Discriminant Validity Issues<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-12181 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/researchwithfawad.com\/index.php\/lp-courses\/smartpls4-tutorial-series\/how-to-use-necessary-condition-analysis-in-smartpls4\/\" class=\"menu-link\">How to Use Necessary Condition Analysis in SmartPLS4?<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-9634 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/researchwithfawad.com\/index.php\/lp-courses\/smartpls4-tutorial-series\/reflecrtive-formarive-model-using-smartpls4\/\" class=\"menu-link\">Reflective-Formative Higher-Order Model using SmartPLS4<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-9800 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/researchwithfawad.com\/index.php\/lp-courses\/smartpls4-tutorial-series\/simple-structural-model-in-smartpls4\/\" class=\"menu-link\">Simple Structural Model in SmartPLS4<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-8989 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/researchwithfawad.com\/index.php\/lp-courses\/smartpls4-tutorial-series\/smartpls4-tutorials-series-introduction\/\" class=\"menu-link\">SmartPLS4 Tutorials Series Introduction<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-8950 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/researchwithfawad.com\/index.php\/lp-courses\/smartpls4-tutorial-series\/steps-in-data-analsis\/\" class=\"menu-link\">Steps in Data Analysis<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-9597 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/researchwithfawad.com\/index.php\/lp-courses\/smartpls4-tutorial-series\/what-is-a-formative-construct\/\" class=\"menu-link\">What is a Formative Construct?<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Basic Concepts in SEM Basic SEM Concepts For Complete Step by Step SmartPLS4 Tutorial Playlist, Click Here Basic Structural Equation Modelling Concepts Understanding Basic Structural Equation Modelling Concepts is critical before scholars use SEM based software. The video is dedicated to describing some critical terms in Structural Equation Modelling literature: Factor Loadings, Beta Coefficient, and [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":8833,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"no-sidebar","site-content-layout":"page-builder","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"enabled","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-9337","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Basic Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) Concepts - ResearchWithFawad<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The tutorial focuses on how to import data, Design, and interpret and simple model in SmartPLS4. 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