{"id":9462,"date":"2022-09-24T04:26:18","date_gmt":"2022-09-24T04:26:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/researchwithfawad.com\/?page_id=9462"},"modified":"2022-10-28T16:43:20","modified_gmt":"2022-10-28T16:43:20","slug":"how-to-solve-discriminant-validity-issues","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/researchwithfawad.com\/index.php\/lp-courses\/smartpls4-tutorial-series\/how-to-solve-discriminant-validity-issues\/","title":{"rendered":"How to Solve Discriminant Validity Issues"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"9462\" class=\"elementor elementor-9462\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-zdcnbl2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"zdcnbl2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d4acc06\" data-id=\"d4acc06\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bee4950 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bee4950\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">How to Solve Discriminant Validity Issues?<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-85jp2mz elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"85jp2mz\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;gradient&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2b10226\" data-id=\"2b10226\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fc6092a elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"fc6092a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\" src=\"https:\/\/researchwithfawad.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/How-to-Solve-Discriminant-Validity-Problems.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-9465\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/researchwithfawad.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/How-to-Solve-Discriminant-Validity-Problems.png 1280w, https:\/\/researchwithfawad.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/How-to-Solve-Discriminant-Validity-Problems-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/researchwithfawad.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/How-to-Solve-Discriminant-Validity-Problems-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/researchwithfawad.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/How-to-Solve-Discriminant-Validity-Problems-768x432.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1e8e919\" data-id=\"1e8e919\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-755d715 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"755d715\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">How to Solve Discriminant Validity Issues?<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-da54622 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"da54622\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3Cpolygon points=&#039;9.4,2 24,2 14.6,21.6 0,21.6&#039;\/%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cf39eb3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cf39eb3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>For Complete Step by Step SmartPLS4 Tutorial Playlist, Click <a href=\"https:\/\/youtube.com\/playlist?list=PLb7vm6tsQ3Kv4YWhYNkP7DizqOjT7ubSX\">Here<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-i4g5bh7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"i4g5bh7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c927f23\" data-id=\"c927f23\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bf8264c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bf8264c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Understanding  and Solving Discriminant Validity Issues.<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-61ca281\" data-id=\"61ca281\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-338057a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"338057a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>We have now assessed the discriminant validity. However, a number of time scholars face issues in establishing discriminant validity. The two session specifically focus on how to solve discriminant validity issues.\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-cebf62c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"cebf62c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fc9f6b0\" data-id=\"fc9f6b0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-90dc776 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"90dc776\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Considerations before Collecting the Data<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1286340\" data-id=\"1286340\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-157e227 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"157e227\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Make sure to have adequate No. of Items in each scale\/construct.<\/li><li>There should be at least 4-6 items, since, in SEM items are deleted if they fail to load or due to cross-loading.<\/li><li>Make sure that the Items\/Statements are easy to understand.<\/li><li>Make sure there is no overlap in the statements of different constructs.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1942223 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1942223\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1129518\" data-id=\"1129518\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d291e0a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d291e0a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">How to Solve Discriminant Validity Problems?<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-860d84e\" data-id=\"860d84e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-694dabd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"694dabd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>To solve the discriminant validity issues, following steps may be undertaken<\/p><ul><li>Make sure to clean the data.<\/li><li>Check for Standard Deviation in Responses. Standard Deviation value of Less than 0.25 mean that there is probability of respondent misconduct and the responses for the questions are almost similar.<\/li><li>Assess cross-loading, if an item is loading well onto another construct instead of its own construct, that particular items shall be removed. For example, an item has loading over 0.70 on two constructs<\/li><li>Check for Cross-loading, if an item is cross-loading, and the difference is less than .10, REMOVE the item(s).<\/li><li>Check for low loadings, remove items that have low loadings (start with &lt; 0.40).<\/li><li>If the problem still persists,\u0096try collecting more data<\/li><li>\u0096Combine the constructs that have lack of discriminant validity as they are measuring the same concept (This is appropriate for dimensions of the same construct).<\/li><li>If problems still persist, dropping one (or more) independent variables (i.e., collinear variables that demonstrate insufficient discriminant validity) from the model may also help.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6107b3f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6107b3f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-aebb55f\" data-id=\"aebb55f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-54185a5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"54185a5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Reference<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a2417e7\" data-id=\"a2417e7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-206ba09 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"206ba09\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Farrell, A. M. (2010). Insufficient discriminant validity: A comment on Bove, Pervan, Beatty, and Shiu (2009). <i>Journal of Business Research<\/i>, <i>63<\/i>(3), 324-327.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-db7340d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"db7340d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a6a379\" data-id=\"5a6a379\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-561756f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"561756f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Videos<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e04f9b2\" data-id=\"e04f9b2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5557aa8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-video\" data-id=\"5557aa8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;youtube_url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/youtu.be\\\/FNLwArTJGK8&quot;,&quot;video_type&quot;:&quot;youtube&quot;,&quot;controls&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"video.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-wrapper elementor-open-inline\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-video\"><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-69eb48e\" data-id=\"69eb48e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-65a087f elementor-widget elementor-widget-video\" data-id=\"65a087f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;youtube_url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/youtu.be\\\/m6tUlGiH9_M&quot;,&quot;video_type&quot;:&quot;youtube&quot;,&quot;controls&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"video.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-wrapper elementor-open-inline\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-video\"><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1e2af390 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1e2af390\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3b89546\" data-id=\"3b89546\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e3db7ea elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3e3db7ea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Additional SmartPLS 4 Tutorials<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-16b92ecc\" data-id=\"16b92ecc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-30047c2a elementor-widget elementor-widget-wp-widget-ccchildpages_widget\" data-id=\"30047c2a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wp-widget-ccchildpages_widget.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li class=\"page_item page-item-9299 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/researchwithfawad.com\/index.php\/lp-courses\/smartpls4-tutorial-series\/a-basic-and-simple-model-in-smartpls4\/\" class=\"menu-link\">A Basic and Simple Model in SmartPLS4<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-9370 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/researchwithfawad.com\/index.php\/lp-courses\/smartpls4-tutorial-series\/convergent-and-discriminant-validity\/\" class=\"menu-link\">Basic SEM Concepts &#8211; Convergent and Discriminant Validity<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-9337 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/researchwithfawad.com\/index.php\/lp-courses\/smartpls4-tutorial-series\/structural-equation-modelling-concepts\/\" class=\"menu-link\">Basic Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) Concepts<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-9543 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/researchwithfawad.com\/index.php\/lp-courses\/smartpls4-tutorial-series\/categorical-moderation-analysis-using-seminr\/\" class=\"menu-link\">Categorical Moderation Analysis using SEMinR<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-9403 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/researchwithfawad.com\/index.php\/lp-courses\/smartpls4-tutorial-series\/how-to-assess-construct-reliability\/\" class=\"menu-link\">How to Assess Construct Reliability?<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-9428 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/researchwithfawad.com\/index.php\/lp-courses\/smartpls4-tutorial-series\/how-to-assess-convergent-validity\/\" class=\"menu-link\">How to Assess Convergent Validity (Construct validity)<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-9448 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/researchwithfawad.com\/index.php\/lp-courses\/smartpls4-tutorial-series\/how-to-assess-discriminant-validity\/\" class=\"menu-link\">How to Assess Discriminant Validity (Construct validity)<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-9672 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/researchwithfawad.com\/index.php\/lp-courses\/smartpls4-tutorial-series\/reflective-reflective-higher-order-construct\/\" class=\"menu-link\">How to Assess Reflective-Reflective Higher Order Construct<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-9490 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/researchwithfawad.com\/index.php\/lp-courses\/smartpls4-tutorial-series\/how-to-design-a-measurement-model\/\" class=\"menu-link\">How to Design a Measurement Model?<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-9029 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/researchwithfawad.com\/index.php\/lp-courses\/smartpls4-tutorial-series\/how-to-enter-data-in-spss-or-excel\/\" class=\"menu-link\">How to Enter Data in SPSS or Excel<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-12181 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/researchwithfawad.com\/index.php\/lp-courses\/smartpls4-tutorial-series\/how-to-use-necessary-condition-analysis-in-smartpls4\/\" class=\"menu-link\">How to Use Necessary Condition Analysis in SmartPLS4?<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-9634 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/researchwithfawad.com\/index.php\/lp-courses\/smartpls4-tutorial-series\/reflecrtive-formarive-model-using-smartpls4\/\" class=\"menu-link\">Reflective-Formative Higher-Order Model using SmartPLS4<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-9800 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/researchwithfawad.com\/index.php\/lp-courses\/smartpls4-tutorial-series\/simple-structural-model-in-smartpls4\/\" class=\"menu-link\">Simple Structural Model in SmartPLS4<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-8989 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/researchwithfawad.com\/index.php\/lp-courses\/smartpls4-tutorial-series\/smartpls4-tutorials-series-introduction\/\" class=\"menu-link\">SmartPLS4 Tutorials Series Introduction<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-8950 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/researchwithfawad.com\/index.php\/lp-courses\/smartpls4-tutorial-series\/steps-in-data-analsis\/\" class=\"menu-link\">Steps in Data Analysis<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-9597 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/researchwithfawad.com\/index.php\/lp-courses\/smartpls4-tutorial-series\/what-is-a-formative-construct\/\" class=\"menu-link\">What is a Formative Construct?<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>How to Solve Discriminant Validity Issues? How to Solve Discriminant Validity Issues? For Complete Step by Step SmartPLS4 Tutorial Playlist, Click Here Understanding and Solving Discriminant Validity Issues. We have now assessed the discriminant validity. However, a number of time scholars face issues in establishing discriminant validity. The two session specifically focus on how to [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":8833,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"no-sidebar","site-content-layout":"page-builder","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"enabled","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-9462","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>How to Solve Discriminant Validity Issues - ResearchWithFawad<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn to solve the issues faced with respect to establishment of discriminant validity through step by step examples in SmartPLS4.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/researchwithfawad.com\/index.php\/lp-courses\/smartpls4-tutorial-series\/how-to-solve-discriminant-validity-issues\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"How to Solve Discriminant Validity Issues - ResearchWithFawad\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Learn to solve the issues faced with respect to establishment of discriminant validity through step by step examples in SmartPLS4.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/researchwithfawad.com\/index.php\/lp-courses\/smartpls4-tutorial-series\/how-to-solve-discriminant-validity-issues\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"ResearchWithFawad\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ResearchWithFawadFB\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-10-28T16:43:20+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/researchwithfawad.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/How-to-Solve-Discriminant-Validity-Problems.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@ResearchCoach83\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/researchwithfawad.com\\\/index.php\\\/lp-courses\\\/smartpls4-tutorial-series\\\/how-to-solve-discriminant-validity-issues\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/researchwithfawad.com\\\/index.php\\\/lp-courses\\\/smartpls4-tutorial-series\\\/how-to-solve-discriminant-validity-issues\\\/\",\"name\":\"How to Solve Discriminant Validity Issues - ResearchWithFawad\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/researchwithfawad.com\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/researchwithfawad.com\\\/index.php\\\/lp-courses\\\/smartpls4-tutorial-series\\\/how-to-solve-discriminant-validity-issues\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/researchwithfawad.com\\\/index.php\\\/lp-courses\\\/smartpls4-tutorial-series\\\/how-to-solve-discriminant-validity-issues\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/researchwithfawad.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/09\\\/How-to-Solve-Discriminant-Validity-Problems.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-09-24T04:26:18+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-10-28T16:43:20+00:00\",\"description\":\"Learn to solve the issues faced with respect to establishment of discriminant validity through step by step examples in SmartPLS4.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/researchwithfawad.com\\\/index.php\\\/lp-courses\\\/smartpls4-tutorial-series\\\/how-to-solve-discriminant-validity-issues\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/researchwithfawad.com\\\/index.php\\\/lp-courses\\\/smartpls4-tutorial-series\\\/how-to-solve-discriminant-validity-issues\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/researchwithfawad.com\\\/index.php\\\/lp-courses\\\/smartpls4-tutorial-series\\\/how-to-solve-discriminant-validity-issues\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/researchwithfawad.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/09\\\/How-to-Solve-Discriminant-Validity-Problems.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/researchwithfawad.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/09\\\/How-to-Solve-Discriminant-Validity-Problems.png\",\"width\":1280,\"height\":720},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/researchwithfawad.com\\\/index.php\\\/lp-courses\\\/smartpls4-tutorial-series\\\/how-to-solve-discriminant-validity-issues\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/researchwithfawad.com\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"All Courses\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/researchwithfawad.com\\\/index.php\\\/lp-courses\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"SmartPLS4 Tutorials Series\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/researchwithfawad.com\\\/index.php\\\/lp-courses\\\/smartpls4-tutorial-series\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":4,\"name\":\"How to Solve Discriminant Validity Issues\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/researchwithfawad.com\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/researchwithfawad.com\\\/\",\"name\":\"Research with Fawad\",\"description\":\"Learn to Research the Easy Way\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/researchwithfawad.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/82ab6f2fbc72d2168c64dba5ee751972\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/researchwithfawad.com\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":[\"Person\",\"Organization\"],\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/researchwithfawad.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/82ab6f2fbc72d2168c64dba5ee751972\",\"name\":\"Khawaja Fawad\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/researchwithfawad.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/06\\\/Research-With-Fawad.png\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/researchwithfawad.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/06\\\/Research-With-Fawad.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/researchwithfawad.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/06\\\/Research-With-Fawad.png\",\"width\":1080,\"height\":1080,\"caption\":\"Khawaja Fawad\"},\"logo\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/researchwithfawad.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/06\\\/Research-With-Fawad.png\"},\"sameAs\":[\"http:\\\/\\\/researchwithfawad.com\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/ResearchWithFawadFB\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.linkedin.com\\\/groups\\\/8948539\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/x.com\\\/ResearchCoach83\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.youtube.com\\\/c\\\/fawadlatif\"]}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"How to Solve Discriminant Validity Issues - ResearchWithFawad","description":"Learn to solve the issues faced with respect to establishment of discriminant validity through step by step examples in SmartPLS4.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/researchwithfawad.com\/index.php\/lp-courses\/smartpls4-tutorial-series\/how-to-solve-discriminant-validity-issues\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"How to Solve Discriminant Validity Issues - ResearchWithFawad","og_description":"Learn to solve the issues faced with respect to establishment of discriminant validity through step by step examples in SmartPLS4.","og_url":"https:\/\/researchwithfawad.com\/index.php\/lp-courses\/smartpls4-tutorial-series\/how-to-solve-discriminant-validity-issues\/","og_site_name":"ResearchWithFawad","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ResearchWithFawadFB\/","article_modified_time":"2022-10-28T16:43:20+00:00","og_image":[{"url":"https:\/\/researchwithfawad.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/How-to-Solve-Discriminant-Validity-Problems.png","type":"","width":"","height":""}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_site":"@ResearchCoach83","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"2 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/researchwithfawad.com\/index.php\/lp-courses\/smartpls4-tutorial-series\/how-to-solve-discriminant-validity-issues\/","url":"https:\/\/researchwithfawad.com\/index.php\/lp-courses\/smartpls4-tutorial-series\/how-to-solve-discriminant-validity-issues\/","name":"How to Solve Discriminant Validity Issues - ResearchWithFawad","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/researchwithfawad.com\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/researchwithfawad.com\/index.php\/lp-courses\/smartpls4-tutorial-series\/how-to-solve-discriminant-validity-issues\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/researchwithfawad.com\/index.php\/lp-courses\/smartpls4-tutorial-series\/how-to-solve-discriminant-validity-issues\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/researchwithfawad.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/How-to-Solve-Discriminant-Validity-Problems.png","datePublished":"2022-09-24T04:26:18+00:00","dateModified":"2022-10-28T16:43:20+00:00","description":"Learn to solve the issues faced with respect to establishment of discriminant validity through step by step examples in SmartPLS4.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/researchwithfawad.com\/index.php\/lp-courses\/smartpls4-tutorial-series\/how-to-solve-discriminant-validity-issues\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/researchwithfawad.com\/index.php\/lp-courses\/smartpls4-tutorial-series\/how-to-solve-discriminant-validity-issues\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/researchwithfawad.com\/index.php\/lp-courses\/smartpls4-tutorial-series\/how-to-solve-discriminant-validity-issues\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/researchwithfawad.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/How-to-Solve-Discriminant-Validity-Problems.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/researchwithfawad.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/How-to-Solve-Discriminant-Validity-Problems.png","width":1280,"height":720},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/researchwithfawad.com\/index.php\/lp-courses\/smartpls4-tutorial-series\/how-to-solve-discriminant-validity-issues\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/researchwithfawad.com\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"All Courses","item":"https:\/\/researchwithfawad.com\/index.php\/lp-courses\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"SmartPLS4 Tutorials Series","item":"https:\/\/researchwithfawad.com\/index.php\/lp-courses\/smartpls4-tutorial-series\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":4,"name":"How to Solve Discriminant Validity Issues"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/researchwithfawad.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/researchwithfawad.com\/","name":"Research with Fawad","description":"Learn to Research the Easy Way","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/researchwithfawad.com\/#\/schema\/person\/82ab6f2fbc72d2168c64dba5ee751972"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/researchwithfawad.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":["Person","Organization"],"@id":"https:\/\/researchwithfawad.com\/#\/schema\/person\/82ab6f2fbc72d2168c64dba5ee751972","name":"Khawaja Fawad","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/researchwithfawad.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Research-With-Fawad.png","url":"https:\/\/researchwithfawad.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Research-With-Fawad.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/researchwithfawad.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Research-With-Fawad.png","width":1080,"height":1080,"caption":"Khawaja Fawad"},"logo":{"@id":"https:\/\/researchwithfawad.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Research-With-Fawad.png"},"sameAs":["http:\/\/researchwithfawad.com","https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ResearchWithFawadFB\/","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/groups\/8948539\/","https:\/\/x.com\/ResearchCoach83","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/c\/fawadlatif"]}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/researchwithfawad.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9462","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/researchwithfawad.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/researchwithfawad.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/researchwithfawad.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/researchwithfawad.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9462"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/researchwithfawad.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9462\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/researchwithfawad.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8833"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/researchwithfawad.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9462"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}